Understanding Grid Impacts: How heating electrification through retrofit upgrades affects peak demand, grid utilization, and energy affordability across different regions. 

Enabling Scalable Electrification: Practical strategies—like efficiency improvements, advanced heat pumps, and load‑management—to reduce grid strain and support wider electrification without major infrastructure upgrades. 

Coordinating for System Value: Why aligning retrofit initiatives with utility planning and rate design is essential for reliability, cost‑effectiveness, and equitable decarbonization.